Yuksom - Gateway to Kanchenzonga

Yuksom, spread over a total area of 812.16 hectares (2,006.9 acres) situated at an average altitude of 1780 m was established in 1642 AD by Phuntsog Namgyal , the first Chogyal (temporal and religious king) of Sikkim, is a historical town in Geyzing subdivision of West Sikkim district in the Northeast Indian state of Sikkim. It was here that the first Chogyal was coroneted, after which the Namgyal Dynastic rule lasted for 333 years (1642 – 1975). The coronation site of the first monarch of Sikkim is known as the "Throne of Norbugang". The throne made of stones is even today considered sacred as is the footprint of Lhatsun Chenpo, which can be seen close to the throne.

Yuksom is situated at the head of Khangchenjunga National Park, the largest Protected Area in Sikkim, and is the starting point for the trekking trail to Mt. Khangchendzonga, trekking to Dzongri being the most popular. Yuksom and its hills was named in the past as Ney-Pemathang for its beautiful landscape and its bio-diverse forest cover in the hills consisting of broad-leaved oak, birch, maple, chestnut, magnolia, rhododendron, silver fir, ash and alder.

Yuksom literally means the “meeting place of the three learned monks” as it was founded by three monks who came from Tibet and selected Phuntsog Namgyal as the first King of Sikkim giving him the title Chogyal. 'Chogyal' means “Religious King” or “the king who rules with righteousness”. Yuksom literally means the “meeting place of the three learned monks” as it was founded by three monks who came from Tibet and selected Phuntsog Namgyal as the first King of Sikkim giving him the title Chogyal. 'Chogyal' means “Religious King” or “the king who rules with righteousness”.

It is believed that in year 1641, Lama Lutsum Chembo travelled from Tibet to Denjong (meaning hidden country) now known as Sikkim to propagate the Buddhist religion, later He was joined by two other lamas, Sempa Chembo and Rinzing Chembo. This trinity of the most revered Lamas belonged to the Kham district in Tibet. With their primary aim to perpetuate Tibetan hold on Sikkim and with a mission to propagate Buddhism in Sikkim, they assembled from different directions at Norbugang, which later came to be known as Yuksom. The area in Rathong chu valley at Narbugong was considered to be blessed by Guru Padma Sambhava (Guru Rim-bo-che).

The vision of Saint Padmasambhava (Guru Rim-bo-che) had predicted the essentiality of a fourth person for the purpose of establishment of Buddhism in Sikkim, accordingly the Lamas went in pursuit of the fourth person. As the three lamas represented three directions of North, South and West in Tibet and also according to legend, Guru Rinpoche, the 9th century Buddhist saint had also foretold that a Phuntsog from the east would be the next chogyal of Sikkim, the three lamas went in search of the chosen person in the eastern region. Near the present day Gangtok, they found a man churning milk. On seeing them, the man offered them some refreshments and gave them shelter. Impressed by his deeds, they realised that he was the chosen one. They also identified Phunstsog Namgyal's ancestral royal links with Tibet and accordingly decided that he is the right person to become the temporal and religious head of the region. They then brought him to Yuksom, where they crowned him at Norbugang near Yuksom as the temporal and religious king of Sikkim, with the title of “Chogyal”. The crowning took place on a pedestal set in stones, in a pine-covered hill, and he was anointed by sprinkling water from a sacred urn. At the age of 38 years of age, he was a fifth generation descendant of Guru Tashi, a 13th century prince from the Mi-nyak House in Kham in Eastern Tibet. Thereafter, the dynastic rule of Chogyals, propagation of the Buddhist religion and building of monasteries and chortens took firm roots in Sikkim which lasted for 333 years spread over the reign of 12 kings. Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism known as Vajrayana sect was introduced, which ultimately was recognized as the state religion of Sikkim.

After becoming the King, the first initiative the Phuntsog took was the conversion of the local Lepcha tribes to Buddhism . He the set about expanding his kingdom up to the Chumbi Valley in Tibet, parts of modern day Darjeeling in the south, and parts of eastern Nepal with the full support of the three lamas

Phuntsog made Yuksom as his capital and instituted the first centralised administration. The kingdom was divided into twelve Dzongs or districts under a Lepcha Dzongpon (governor) who in turn headed a council of twelve ministers. During his reign Buddhism was consolidated as the established religion in Sikkim. In 1670 he was succeeded by his son, Tensun Namgyal who shifted the capital to Rabdentse finishing the importance of Yuksom.

Yuksom is a small village with population of approx 2000 people. The Bhutias and the Nepalese constitute major communities in the village, with the Bhutia community being the dominant ethnic group. However, the service and the trading sectors are dominated by people from the plains

Dubdi Monastery

Established in 1701, Dubdi Monastery was the first monastery established soon after the consecration ceremony of the first Chogyal. Located on a hill top above Yuksom surrounded by verdant forest, it professes itself to be the oldest monastery in Sikkim. It can be approached by an hour of trekking negotiating steep slopes. It is also known as the Hermit's Cell after its reclusive founder Lhatsun Namkha Jigme.  

Phamrong Waterfalls :

This is the highest waterfall of West Sikkim is located between Yuksom and Gerethang . A gentle gradient footpath takes one to a viewpoint for a closer view of this mighty discharge of water for a magnificent view especially during monsoon when it is at its peak. 

Pelling - The Land of Beautiful Views

Around 115 kms from Capital of Sikkim, Gangtok, and about 135 kms from Silliguri, 10 kms from district headquarters Gyakshing, at an altitude of 7200 feet, Lies the town of Pelling, now the second most popular tourist destination of Sikkim. The town in itself is not more than hotels, Guest houses , Shops and few residences lined up around the road, but it offers breathtaking view of Kanchenjunga and surrounding ranges including Koktang, Kumbhakarna, Rathong, Kabru, Dom,  Pandim, Zopuno, Shimbho, Narsing, Siniyalchu. Pelling is the closest you can get to view Mr Kanchenjunga without leaving the comfort of your hotels. Pelling is not only the base for the excursions in South Sikkim, but also gives you base to explore some of the more important monasteries of Sikkim. Pelling is connected to the towns of Jorethang, Kalimpong and Namchi .The nearest airport is Bagdogra Airport . Sikkimese is the most widely and commonly spoken language of Pelling, while most of the people are Buddhists. Other languages spoken are Nepali, Hindi and English .

The following are the excursions and sightseeing from Pelling.

Pemayangtse Monastery: Pemayangtse literally means 'Perfect Sublime Lotus' and is believed to represent the four plexus of Human Body, Pemayangtse Monastery was founded in 1705, belongs to the Nyingma-pa sect of Tibet Buddhism and controls all other monasteries of the sect. Pemyangtse Monastery is one of the oldest and most important monasteries of Sikkim. Located about 140 kms west of Gangtok, it was designed and founded by Lama Lhatsun Chempo, as a small Lhakhang, during the reign of Chodar Namgyal at Rabdentse was subsequently enlarged during the reign of the third Chogyal Chakdor Namgyal who was considered as Lhatsun Chenpo's third reincarnate, Jigme Pawo.

Chador was a very religious person and he had taken several initiatives for the spread of Buddhist religion in Sikkim, He had  even decreed that the second of every three sons of Bhutia family shall be ordained as monk of the Pemayangtse Monastery. The monks for this monastery are chosen from the Bhutias of Sikkim. The monastery was built for "pure monks" (ta-tshang) meaning "monks of pure Tibetan lineage", celibate and without any physical abnormality. This practice is still retained. Only the monks of Pemayangtse Monastery are entitled to the title "ta-tshang". The head lama of this monastery had the unique privilege of anointing the Chogyals of the erstwhile monarchy of Sikkim with holy water.

 The monastery is a three-storied building and houses a good collection of wall paintings and sculptures. The monastery, which overlooks the Rabdantse ruins, has well manicured gardens within its compound where the residential accommodation for the monks is also located. The first floor of the monastery has a notable collection of ancient Buddhist antique idols, scriptures as well as sculptures and decorated paintings notable amongst them is Padmasambahva’s eight incarnations in fierce form.  On the third floor of the monastery, there is a seven-tiered painted wooden model of the abode of Guru Rimpoche, known as "Sanghthokpalri" also spelt "Zandog-palri", complete with rainbows, angels and the whole panoply of Buddha and bodhisattva. This structure was constructed by Dungzin Rimpoche over a period of 5 years

Another characteristic feature seen in this monastery is the presence of  statues of Padmasambahva and his two consorts in the main prayer hall (1,500 square feet (140 m²) area),. The main statue of Padmasambahva (also known as Guru Rinpoche who revived Buddhism in Tibet and was also the propagator of Vajrayana or tantric form of Buddhism ) seen here is in his wrathful form as Dorje Bhurpa Vjarakila with multiple heads and arms. The Dukhang or Lakhang, the main temple has colourfully painted doors and windows and depict Tibetan designs

In January/ February every year, a religious dance called 'Cham' is performed in Pemayangtse.

Sang-Choling Monastery

This monastery is situated on a ridge on the top of the mountain above Pelling facing the Pemayangtse Monastery about 03 kms from the town of Pelling. Built in 1697 A.D., Sanga Cholling is considered to be second oldest monastery of the State. Sangachoeling means 'the island of esoteric teaching'. This gompa is designed by  Lhatsun Chenpo and is highly venerated among the Nyingmapa. Gutted by fire, it has been rebuilt and houses some of the original clay statues.

The road  to monastery is not motorable and one needs to take a 45 minutes walk through a quite path to reach the monastery. But once you reach at the monastery, you will be rewarded by great views of Kanchenjunga and Pelling town .

Darap Cherny Village

Darap Village is located about 6 kilometers from Pelling on the way to Yuksam.  Darap Village is inhabited mainly by People from Limboo Community apart from a small number of families from mixed communities like Bhutias, Chettris, Tamangs, Rais, Gurungs and Lepchas. The area is a gentle valley unlike other locations in west. Culturally and traditionally rich, Darap appears photogenic when bough wheat farms bear flowers and harvest takes place. .

Rabdantsey Ruins:

Rabdantse was the second capital of the erstwhile kingdom of Sikkim after Yuksam and till the year 1814 A.D., the king of Sikkim had ruled the state from this place. Today, the Rabdentse ruins lie hidden from the main road. It is at a walking distance from Pelling and the Pemayangtse monastery and can be approached by following a footpath which branches off the main road.  Khecheolpari Tso  ( Kecheopalri Tso)

Khechepalri means – mountain of blissful heaven. Kecheolpari lake is located about 27 kms from Pelling and accessible through a motorable road is a popular tourist point. It is one of the sacred lakes of Sikkim. Hidden in the rich forest cover, It is believed that birds do not permit even a single leaf to float on the Khecheopalri lake surface.Legend has it that the place where the lake is located was once a grazing ground scattered around  with stinging nettle. Native Lepchas used the bark of the nettle for a number of purposes. One day a Lepcha couple while peeling the bark of the nettle  saw a pair of conch shells coming through the air and entering into the ground. Soon after the earth beneath shook violently and spring of water came ou engulfing the entire ground turning it into a huge lake. As per Nesol text, the lake is recognised as the abode of Tshomen Gyalmo, the chief protecting nymph of dharma as blessed by goddess Tara. Native people believe that the shape of the lake resembles the footprint of goddess Tara.

The sacred lake lies in a depression surrounded by prayer flags and forested hills. By the lakeshore is the small Lepcha village of Tsojo, and about 1.5km above the lake is the Khecheoplari Gompa can also be visited.

The place is popular among trekkers offering various trekking options. The most popular is the walking trail from Pelling to Khecheolpari (5 hours). It is also possible to trek to Yuksom from Khecheolpari (4 hours).

Most tourists visit Khecheolpari as part of the full day sightseeing of Pelling, with the tour starting at Pelling and moving through Darap Village and Rimbi falls reaching at Khecheopalri. The lake can also be reached through Yuksom via Singshore bridge and Kanchenjunga falls.

Khangchendzonga Waterfalls

An hour and a half drive from Pelling, On way to Yuksom, one comes across Khangchendzonga twin Water Falls. It is an amazing sight of breathtaking beauty of a wild torrent of water cascading down granite rocks and is a place not to be missed by the tourists

Gangtok - A base for Great Excursions

Gangtok, is the beautiful capital of the beautiful state of Sikkim. It offers travellers various sites, gardens and monasteries to visit within the city itself, but apart from the same, it gives a lot of opportunities for great excursions around the various parts of Sikkim. It an important circuit for exploring west and North Sikkim including visits to Pelling, Yuksom, Yumthang and Lachen or Lachung, all easily accessible from Gangtok

The following are the places which can be explored by short excursions from Gangtok.

Changu Lake Or Tsomgo Lake

Driving a distance of 38 kms through a winding road amongst rugged mountain terrain and sharp cliffs, situated at an altitude of 12400 feet, you reach Changu Lake or Tsomgo Lake, which is a sight to behold. Tsomgo literally meaning Source of the Water in Bhutia language, the lake derives its water from melting of the snow from the surrounding snow clad mountains and its glaciers. The lake looks different in different seasons with the color of water changing. In winter it is a picture of white screen with the top crust of the Lake being frozen, wile in the spring, the profusion of flowers in the bloom adds a riot of the colors on the surface of the lake. Many myths and legends are associated with the lake and is revered by the Sikkimese as sacred. It is believed that in olden times, Buddhist monks would study the colour of the water of the lake to forecast the future.The lake is also of special significance for the Jhakris [faith healers] of Sikkim who congregate here annually on Guru Purnima, which coincides with the festival of Raksha Bandhan, from all over the state to offer prayers.For the tourist the visit to the lake is an mesmerizing experience. Rides on colourfully decorated yaks and mules are available at the lake site, apart from presence of a variety of eating stalls serving snacks and beverages. Snowboots and gumboots are available on hire.

Tsomgo lake is open for both Indian and foreign nationals, however foreign visitors cannot travel alone, they have to be in a group of two or more and need prior visitors permit to be obtained.

Baba Mandir

This temple is particulary famous amongst the India Visitors. Baba Mandir lies on the road between the Nathula and the Jelepla Pass is believed to have a wish fulfilling powers and is visited by hundreds of people each day. The origin of temple and the legends and myths surrounding it are not very old, About 40 years back, Sepoy Harbhajan Singh of the 23rd Punjab Regiment went missing while leading a pack of mules from his battalion stationed at Tukla to Deng Dhukla, both remote areas located in East Sikkim. A manhunt was launched to locate him by the army and it took three days to locate his  body. It is believed that he himself directed the soldiers to the site of his body.  Soon after, soldiers in the regiment started reporting that Baba is appearing in their dreams and directing them to build a shrine in his memory. Accordingly a Samadhi was raised in his memory where He is worshipped as a saint who grants boons and guards the lives of soldiers posted along the border.. His believers say that even today Baba visits every night, puts on his uniform and does his rounds.Each year in September Baba takes his annual holiday when he travels back to Kapurthala, his hometown. People gather in large numbers and line the route that Baba used to take to offer flowers and prayers. A berth on a train is reserved in his name and two orderlies accompany him on the journey.

Baba Mandir is open for Indian Nationals only, The foreign nationals are not allowed to visit Baba Mandir.

Seven Sisters Waterfalls

A beutiful scene of water falling from the hill top creating a beautiul waterfall. It is located 32 kms away from Gangtok on the National Highway leading to North Sikkim. A place must visit for the nature lover and shutterbugs.

Saramsa Garden

Established and maintained by the Department of Forests, lying about 14kms from Gangtok, Saramsa Garden is an excellent recreation, leisure and picnic spot. A musical fountain and a swimming pool have been recently added.. The Garden was the venue for the International Flori Show 2008. It also have a beautiful Convention Center for Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) with a sitting capacity of 500 and all modern facilities. Meetings and Exhibitions can be held here in an eco-friendly peaceful environment.

Phodang Monastery

Located approx 38kms from city of Gangtok, Phhodang Monastery is one of the six major monasteries of Sikkim, belonging to the Kagyut Order.The Phodong Monastery was built in the 18th century by Chogyal Gyurmed Namgyal. Although the original monastery has been rebuilt , the old mural paintings and frescoes were preserved during reconstruction. An annual folk dance festival called Chaam is celebrated  on the 28th and 29th day of the tenth month of the Tibetan calendar. Travelling further beyond the Phodang Monastery, after a distance of 04 kms , you can alsi visit  the recently renovated Labrang Monastery, unique in-its architectural design.Between Phodong and Labrang Monastery are the ruins of the third capital of Sikkim, Tumlong

Phensang Monastery :

Situated on the gentle slope stretching from Kabi to Phodong on one of the best landscapes in the region, The Phensang Monastery, under the Nyingmapa Buddhist Order, was built in 1721 during the time of ]igmee Pawo. It was gutted by a fire in 1947 and rebuilt in 1948 through the efforts of the lamas. The annual festival of Chaam is performed on the 28th and 29th days of the tenth month of Lunar Calendar (Tibetan Calendar).

Pal Zurmang Kagyud Monastery ( Lingdum)

Located at Lingdum, East Sikkim is at a distance of about 20 kms from Gangtok, Pal Zurmang Kagyud Monastery is a place worth visiting for its religious and exquisite architecture and serene atmosphere . The present Gharwang Rimpoche is the 12th Successive incarnation of the glorious emanation of Zurmang Gharwang.

Menmecho Lake

Located at an altitude of 13000 feet, about a  distance of 64 kms from Gangtok via Sherathang (6 kms short of famous Nathula Pass) one comes across a marvellous snow fed water body called Menmecho Lake .It is surrounded by lush green forest and typical reddish alpine grass cover and the source of the river Rangpochu, it is larger in size than Tsomgo lake and it is full of trout fish. Amongst its calm and quiet atmosphere and rare beauty, one can spend hours in splendid isolation.

Gonjang Monastery:

Located  near Tashi View Point, Gonjang Monastery was established in the year 1981. The founder H.E. Tingkye Gonjang Rimpoche  was recognised as an incarnation of Yolmo Terton Ngakchang Shakya Zangpo, a 15th century Nyingmapa Terton. The monastery follows Jangter tradition of Nyingmapa school of Tibeten Buddhism.

Bakthang :

Located 20 minutes drive from Gangtok along the 31 A National Highway leading to North Sikkim, Bakthang Water Falls, .originates from Ratey Chu, the main water source of Gangtok area. Its an interesting site to visit for Shutterbergs and people in love of nature.

Aritar Lake

For trekkers and Nature Lovers, Aritar Lake (Ghati-Tso) near Rhenock, about 3 hours drive from Gangtok, is worth visiting. If you are  interested in spending a night or two in the peaceful environment, trekker's huts, lodges and a private resort are available. Apart from the trekking, you can indulge in boating, visiting and exploring the lifestyle of villagers and also visit to the Lingsay Monastery and a Manghim. A short trek in and around Aritar is a thrilling experience. You can also have an enthralling experience of spending a night in an old British built Bunglow of 1895 located half km below the lake

Gangtok -The heart of Sikkim

Gangtok,the present capital of Indian State of Sikkim, lies at an altitude of 5800 feet ( 1800mts) amongst some of the higher range of Himalayan.The earliest records date from the construction of the hermitic Gangtok monastery in 1716. Gangtok, Roughly meaning "Mountain Top" shot in prominence on the Map, especially for Buddhist, in 1840, when Enchey Monastery was built here. Its prominence further rose when in 1894, the ruling Sikkimese Chogyal, Thutob Namgya, shifted his capital to Gangtok from Tumlong.New Palaces and Government Buildings were built which added to the reputation and beauty of Gangtok. Later it developed as a major stopover for traders on the trade route from Lhasa in Tibet to Kolkata and other Indian cities. When India won independence in 1947, from British rule, Sikkim chose to remain as an Independent state under the king, but in 1975, fearing a takeover by China, who had already annexed Tibet, it merged with India to become its 22nd state with Gangtok its 22nd state capital.

Since then Sikkim in general and Gangtok in particular have grown to become a bustling tourist destination, particularly famous between he honeymooners and travelers from adjoining state of West Bengal and is the centre stage of tourism in Sikkim, India. Its moderate temperature (ranging from 4 degrees to 25 degrees) through out the year makes the weather good to travel. However beginning end of June and till September, heavy rainfall lashes the area causing many a landslides making the weather of Sikkim a bit harsh ,but it is also the time when the lush green vegetation and the playing of clouds with sun, creating a vibrant play of shadows and light, leaves one mesmerized by the sheer beauty of the place.The city lies towards one side of the hill, flanked by two streams in east and west, namely Roro Chu and Ranikhola. The two rivers divide natural drainage into two parts, the eastern and western parts. Both the streams then meet the Ranipul and flow south as the main Ranikhola before joining the River Teesta at Singtam.The city is surrounded by densely forested regions consisting of temperate, decidous forests of trees like poplar, birch , oak and elm apart from evergreen confierous tree of the wst alpine zone. Orchids are common apart from other flowers like sunflower, marigold and poinsetta, which bloom around the city. Some of the rarest form of Orchids are found here.

Gangtok has a population of around 01 lakh people comprising of ethnic groups such as Indian Nepalis, Lepchas which are native to the land, Bhutias and Tibetans. It also have a sizable immigrant population of Marwaris ( who owns most of the shops), Biharis (engaged mostly in blue collar jobs) and Bengalis. Hinduism and Buddhism are the two most popular religions, but Gangtok too have a sizeable population of Christian and small minority of Muslims. English and Hindi are official language of Sikkim, apart from the above, Bhutla, Tibetan and Lepcha are also spoken widely.

Sikkim in itself is beautiful state blessed with beautiful valleys, mountain tops and lakes. Gangtok makes the perfect base for exploring Sikkim. Gangtok in itself have so much to offer to visit, that you require more than a couple of days to explore the same and it is one of the pivotal of Sikkim Tourism. Some of the places worth visiting Gangtok are mentioned below:

Gangtok - The City - MG Marg is country's first litter and spit free zone, with a ban on any kind of vehicular movement. It offers various shopping establishment to shop, various benches to sit alongside the road and Titanic Park - a beautiful park to picnic. A birds eye view of Gangtok city can be had through a ride on Bicable Zig Back ropeway from Deorali to Tashiling secretariat. Costing INR 30 and about 07 minutes, it gives a great view of Kanchendzonga Range and an overview of the Gangtok town below.

The Rumtek Monastery : The Rumtek monastery is a replica of the Tsurphu monastery of Kargyupa sect in Kham region of Tibet .It was founded in 1740 during the reign of the fourth Chogyal in the East District.After Chinese aggression and control over Tibet in 1960's, His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa, the 16th incarnate of the Gyalwa Karmapa of Tibet came to Rumtek with a number of follower monks to seek refuge. The then Chogyal gifted him a large piece of land at Rumtek village to build a monastery and also develop a centre for religious studies.Accordingly the four storeyed building was built, it later became the biggest monastery of Sikkim.

The monastery has a special prayer hall, very impressive murals and thanka paintings and 1001 miniature golden images of Lord Buddha. It has a religious centre by the name of Dharma Chakra Centre and a big residential-cum prayer hall, apart froman impressive library and special rooms for the high ranking incarnate Lamas.Behind the main monastery is an extremely impressive and elaborately decorated Karma Nalanda Institute of Buddhist Studies, wherein students from all over the world are enrolled. There is also a small hall having a beautiful jewel studded Chorten known as the Golden Stupa, which contains the ashes and remains of His Holiness, the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa.

Do Drul Chorten : The Do-Drul Chorten or Stupa was built in 1945 by the Venerable Trullshi Rimpoche, head of the Nyingma order of Tibeten Buddhism. Inside the stupa, there are complete mandala set of Dorjee phurba (Vajra Kilaya), a set of Kang Gyur relic (Holy Book), complete 'Zung' (mantras) and other religious objects. Around the Chorten, there are 108 Mani Lhakor (Prayer Wheels), which are turned by devout Buddhists while chanting 'Om Mane Padme Hum' (O Jewel in the Lotus) to invoke the Bodhisattva. It is surrounded by Chorten Lakhang and Guru Lakhang, where there are two huge statues of Guru Padmasambhava

Namgyal Research Institute of Tibetology : Namgyal Research Institute of Tibetology is one of the most prestigious research institute of its kind in the world, It is a treasure of vast collection of rare Lepcha, Tibetan and Sanskrit manuscripts, statues and rare Thankas (colourful tapestries used in Buddhist liturgy). Apart from an attractive museum, it has over 200 Buddhist icons and other prized objects of art. Established in 1958 to promote serious study and research on Buddhism, it is only next to an institute in Tibet in its collections.Today it is renowned world wide centre for study of Buddhist philosophy and religion.

Enchey Monastery: Enchey monastery is the seat of the Nyingma Order and city's oldest monastery . The two-hundred year old baroque monastery houses images of gods, goddesses, and other religious artifacts. The Enchey monastery literally means the solitary temple. In the month of January, the Chaam, or masked dance, is performed with great fanfare and is an event to visit.

Tashi View Point : Only 8 kms from Gangtok, situated along the North Sikkim Highway, it is from this point one can get a breath taking view of Mt. Khangchendzonga, one of the most graceful peaks in the world. An Observatory Tower, Cafeteria and Public amenities are present for the comfort of the travellers. Ideal time to visit is early in the morning, when the views are most spectacular. One can also catch a glimpse of the Phodang and Labrang monasteries on the opposite hill. The park just above the View Point gives you opportunity for a little picnic.

Tashiding Monastery (Tashi Ling Monastery) :

Constructed on top of a heart shaped hill with the back drop of the sacred Mt. Khangchendzonga, Tashiding Monastery was built in the 18th Century AD by Ngadak Sempa Chempo, one of the three Lamas who had performed the consecration ceremony of the first Chogyal.According to Buddhist scriptures, in 08th century AD, Guru Padmasambhava, blessed the sacred land of Sikkim in the 8th century AD from this spot. Tashiding is also famous for the most holy Chorten known as 'Thong-WaRang-Dol' literally meaning 'Saviours by mere sight'. It is believed that just by beholding the pot; it is supposed to wash away all the sins of the devotees. Another important feature is the sacred water festival (Bumchu) held every year, on 14th and 15th day of the first Lunar month, the Bhumchu Ceremony is organised with devotees coming from far and near to get the blessing of the holy water. The sacred holy water is officially sealed for safety by the lamas of the Monastery and taken out once a year on an auspicious occasion, only to be put back with some fresh additions. The Pot Have never got dried for the Past 300 years

Hanuman Tonk : Situated at an altitude of 7200 feet, 09 kms uphill of Gangtok on a calm and quiet hilltop, this temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman is popularly known as a wish filling temple. It is currently maintained by the resident units of Indian Army with the contribution from Local People.

The Himalayan Zoological Park: The Himalayan Zoological Park exhibits the Himalayan Fauna in their natural habitats. The zoo features the Himalayan Black Bear, The Barking Deer, The snow Leopard, The Leopard Cat, Tibetan Wolf, Masked Palm Civet, Red Pandas and the Spotted deer amongst many others.

Orchid Sanctuary: The Orchid Sanctuary is famous for its rare and extensive collection of orchids. The sanctuary’s collection also varies depending on the seasons, still the wide spread orchid sanctuary has almost 454 species of orchid found in Sikkim.

Tsuk La Khang : Tsuk La Khang is a depository of a large collection of scriptures and is the principal place of worship and assembly for the local Buddhists. The Tsuk la Khang is a beautiful and impressive building with mural covered interior, lavishly decorated altars or images of Buddha, bodhisattvas and Tantric deities and fine works of woodcarving. The Tsuk la Khang remains open for the general public and tourists during Losar, the famous dance festival.

How To Reach Gangtok : Gangtok, Sikkim is well Connected to rest of India through air, road and rail. The nearest airport to Gangtok is Bagdogra, Gangtok to Bagdogra is about 3-4 hrs Drive from Gangtok. Bagdogra in turn is connected with direct flights To Delhi, Kolkata and Guwahati. The nearest Railway Station, some three hours drive from Gangtok., is New Jalpaiguri, which is further connected to Delhi, Kolkata and Guwahati.

Nathdwara - The abode of Lord Shrinathji

Nathdwara - literally meaning Doors to the abode of owner of the world, Lord Shrinathji. Nathdwara is a little explored Gem as a cultural destination, although it is famous religious must visit destination for the followers of Vaishnavite sect. Located about 48 kms from the city of Lake ,Udaipur, on the right bank of Banas River, Nathdwara is famous for the temple of Lord Krishna, in the form of Srinathji.

Nathdwara, as a city and centre of the religious importance for the followers of Lord Krishna, came into existence in 17th century. It is believed that during the oppressive Rule of Mughal King Aurangzeb, who was hell bent on destroying all Hindu Temples, to protect the Idol of Lord Srinathji, which was worshipped at Govardhan Hill near the Pious city of Vrindavan - the play ground of Lord Krishna, it was decided to shift the idol further south. First it was moved to Agra, from where after six months waiting, it was decided to move it further south. While being carried through the state of Rajasthan on a Bullock Cart, as it reached the spot at village Sihad or Sinhad, the wheels of bullock cart in which the idol was being transported sank axle-deep in mud. Even after various efforts it could not be moved any farther. The accompanying priests inferred that this particular place is the Lord's chosen spot to stay at and accordingly, a temple was built there under the rule and protection of the then Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar. Since then it is a significant Vaishnavite Shrine especially for the Pushti Marg OR Vallabh Sampradaya also known as Shuddha Advaita. Vallabh Sampraday was founded by Vallabh Acharya, who is revered mainly by people of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Vitthal Nathji son of Vallabhacharya was the fist to institutionalize the worship of Shrinathji at Nathdwara.

The idol of Shrinathji depicts a 14th century, 7-year old infant  incarnation of Krishna. Legend is that in 1409 AD, near Govardhan Hill on Mathura an image of lord Shrinathji, the mountain lifting form of Krishna, was discovered when a cow worshiped the lord with offerings of milk. Lord Shrinathji symbolizes a form of Lord Krishna, when he lifted the 'Govardhana' (a hill). In this large Blackstone idol, the lord is revealed with his left hand raised and the right is bunged in a fist.  Images of two cows, a snake, a lion, two peacocks and a parrot by the god's head are imprinted on the idol. The idol is treated like a living deity by the priest and they tend to the lord with daily normal function like bathing- dressing meals called "prasad" and the resting times in regular intervals. The idol in itself is decorated with  fine intricately woven shaneels & silk cloth with real original zari and shredded work done upon them along , tones of real jewelers, which are of antique value. The view of the idol (you get to see it only after the parda (curtain) is removed) is a spectacular sight that is simply mesmerizing and dazzling.

The structure of this temple is simple, but the aesthetic appeal of this temple, the religious atmosphere , especially during the Aarti and Shringar when formal prayers with vedic hymns are offered with diya,incense sticks, flowers, fruit and other offerings, while at the background the devotional songs of the demand are sung with local instruments according to the demand of the time and occasion. The festivals of Holi, Diwali and Janmashtmi are celebrated with full gusto, with the idol being specially decorated. A large number of believers visit Nathdwara during this period. Another major festival to be celebrated is  Annakutta ( a festival which marks the occasion of Lord Krishna lifting Goverdhan ( Govardhan) Hill on his little finger).

The temple authorities have about 500 cows and among them; one is regarded as Shrinathji's cow. It is considered that this cow has come from the pedigree that served the lord for centuries. The Temple does not allow entry to foreigners, but the Indian cultural aura can be felt by just visiting the vicinity of the temple.

Shrinathji Temple is not the only thing which Nathdwara had to offer. This small city,is also famous for its 'pichhwai' paintings, handmade terracotta, ivory articles, milk-made sweets and haveli Music. Pichwai Paintings, are a form of paintings on cloth from the school of Nathdwara of Mewar style paintings. The centre of theme for all Pichwai Paintings is Lord Krishna and the incident related to his life. Here Lord Krishna is always depicted in the form of Shrinathji, his childhood incarnation carrying Govardhan Hill on his little finger. Profound use of Gold Color, the image of Krishna with large eyes, broad nose and a heavy body, similar to the features on the idol of Shrinathji is the aspect which separates Pichwai Paintings from others. Pichwai paintings are works of art that are used to adorn the walls of temples, behind the idol. First a rough sketch is made on the starched clothes and natural colors are then filled in the spaces. Traditionally natural colours and brushes made of horse, goat or squirrel hair were used, but now faster and less expensive material have replaced them. The use of pure gold in the paintings adds to their value and charm. For one painting, it may take 3-4 days to just prepare colour from pure gold.Apart From Pichwai Paintings, the artist also produce paintings on the paper, but the predominant theme is Lord Krishna.

Apart from the Pichwai Paintings, it is also famous for classical form of singing, often referred to as Haveli Gharana whose most famous exponent is Pandit Jasraj. Haveli Sangeet is Vaishnava temple music practiced by the 'Pushti Margi Sampradaya.' Nathadwara is the main seat of the Vaishnava devotional cult which created a rich historical tradition of temple-based music. 'Haveli' here is referred to a palace that the deity chooses to live in. If compared to Dhrupad, Haveli Sangeet, as it is known in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, claimed superior resilience as it claimed that Lord Krishna himself was the very audience for its performances. In this school of music every activity revolves around Lord Krishna  and is sung in the form of Kirtans, Bhajans, Samaj Gayan and Bhava Nirtya. It incorporates a fusion of classical and folk music,but the dominant style of singing is still Dhrupad and Dhammar. The temples of Radha Vallabh at Vrindaban, Krishna at Nandgaon, Shri Radha Rani at Barsana, and Sri Nathji at Nathdwara all reverberate with Haveli Sangeet

Nathdwara can be reached by an hour of scenic drive from Udaipur, which further is connected with all major cities in India through Rail, Road and Air. 

Agrasen ki Baoli, Delhi

Delhi is a historical city, with the present day city of Delhi, believed to be the amalgamation of seven different cities built across different centuries including shahjehanabad, Indraprastha, Tughlakabad etc. Each city have their own sets of heritage monuments telling a story of their own and worth a visit. This gives Delhi a multiude of visitable monuments, some of which have become more common, yet some others are left neglected, non publicused and non visited. Agrasen Ki Baoli (also known as  Ugrasen Ki Baoli or Agarsen ki Baoli), believed to be rebuilt in 14the century, is one of the lesser known monuments.

Agrasen Ki Baoli, is nestled among highrise buildings of modern India and is unseen and unheard of many of the people living or working in the vicinity. What used to be lifeline for the water supply in scorching heats of summer once, lies dilapidated and ignored and dried up like other stepwells in India mainly due to the fact that dependence on wells to tap water have evaporated due to the invent of submersible pumps and piped supply, hence no boady need it. Now designated a protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1958, efforts are being made to rejuvenate it and restore it to its prime glory.

Who built Agrasen Ki Baoli is still a mystery, some stating its origin to Mahraja Agrasen of Mahabharata Epic Period, some believe it was built by a wealthy agarwal family in 14th century. Another theory is that it was built by a wealthy and influential Agrawal merchant of Delhi named Nattal Sahu who was also a minister in the court of King Anang Pal III. The theory is based on inferences taken from Pasanahacariu, The work of Agrawal Poet named Vibudh Shridhar , who wrote it in 1132 AD.

Built over three visible stories,  with some parts completely submerged in the water, It is about 60 mts in length and about 15 mts wide and have around 103 steps.Each story or level is lined with the arched niches, Chambers and pasageways on the both sides. The arches shows a distinct influence of islamic architecture and hence it is believed to be rebuilt in 14th century Tughlaq Era.Tughlaq era influence can also be judged from the presence of a small mosque in the vicinity of the baoli. The walls of this step well is devoid of any sculpture work unlike its more famous cousins, Pipvav ki Baori or step well at Abhaneri. As you take steps down towards the water, the baoli or step  well shrinks in width, you will witness a distinct coolness of the temperature and calmness descending in you. You will hear gurgling sounds of hundred of pigeons and whooshing sounds of wind downstairs, in night the descent an atmosphere might scare you.

Agrasen ki Baoli or the stepwell is Situated on the Hailey road, a 10 minutes walk from the N block of Connaught Place, Delhi, Agrasen Ki baoli is open from morning 0900 hrs till evening 1700 hrs,and the entry to the baoli is free.

You can also visit  the oldest existing Baoli in Delhi, the Anangtal Baoli, located in Mehruli. The Anangtal Baoli is considered to be older than the present structure of Agrasen ki Baoli (stepwell).Also known as Yoginipura , Anangal stepwell is believed to built in the 10th century by the Rajput King Anang Pal II, belonging to the Tomar Dynasty.Anang Tal literally means reservoir of Anang.

Eklingji and Nagda Temples

India is a country of Religion and culture. Every city in India is resplendent with Temples, Churches and mosques, which are not only a centre of religious faith but some of whom are architecturally rich and never stops in amazing one to wonder the kind of effort and inventiveness, it would have taken to build such marvelous structures with so much of limited means.The period of seventh to the tenth of century was particularly important for the Hindu temple of architecture, one some of the most beautifully sculpted temples were built in India.

Present day Udaipur region too got a fair share of such temple architecture with two beautiful temple complexes being built at Eklingji and Nagda. While there are smaller and more modern temples dedicated to Lord Shiva ( Siva) in Rajasthan, the most renowned and the oldest of them all is at Kailashpuri, near Udaipur, known as Eklingji. Eklingji got its name from the unique form of Lord Shiva as a black stone four headed god.

Eklingji Temple was built in 734 AD Mewar King Bappa Rawal at Kailashpuri ( Udaipur as a city was non existent at that point of time), Eklingji being the ruling deity of Sisodia Family of Kings who ruled Mewar Region then. Over the years additions were made and repair work carried out ( to repair the lost part, destroyed by Muslim invaders). It is now a 108 temple complex, with the main temple being dedicated to Lord Eklingji. The Eklingji temple encompasses an area of about 2500 sq. feet and is about 65 feet in height.

All temples in the complex are made of marble and granite and the main temple has an enormous double-storied, elaborately pillared hall or "mandap" under a vast pyramidal roof, with a four-faced image of Lord Shiva in black marble.  Lord Shiva is prayed in the form of Eklingji, having four faces. The four faces of the statue, depicts four Gods believed to Lord Shiva in his four forms. In the east is Surya (sun), in the west is Brahma, in the north is Vishnu and in the south is Rudra. In the center of these images is the Shivlinga, encircled by a silver snake.  The hall is embellished with a beautiful silver structure of Nandi, besides this there are two more Nandi idols in the temple, one made of black stone and the other of brass metal. 

The main temple is surrounded with other smaller temples dedicated to other different Hindu Gods including Goddess Parvati ( wife of Lord Shiva), Lord Ganesha and Lord Kartikeya ( Son's of Lord Shiva). Other temples are dedicated to Goddess Saraswati ( goddess of knowledge) and Goddess Yamuna.. The temple complex is in itself surrounded by the Rocky mountains giving it natural walls.  

Monday is the day dedicated to Lord Shiva and hence a lot of local people visit Eklingji on this day. The King of Mewar too visits Eklingji every Monday evening to pray. Mahashivratri is a great occassion for Eklingji Temple. It is celebrated with great pomp and Lord Shiva is decorated with ornaments on this day. It is considered auspicious to pray on this day. 

Just 01 kms from the Elingji Temple, another set of temples exits known as Nagda Temple. In the 6th century, Nagda was found by Nagaditya, the fourth Mewar King. Initially known as Nagahrida and the capital of Mewar, Nagda is located besides Bagela Lake about 23 kms in the north-west of Udaipur on the way to Nathdwara. Nagda comprises many small and big temples, but the main attraction is gained by its 'Sas-Bahu' temple. 

The term 'Sas-Bahu' suggests 'Mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law' respectively. The temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and comprises two structures, one made by a mother-in-law and another, made by a daughter-in-law. The main entrance to the temples is through a door that has carved lintels and a multi-lobed arch in its middle. Both the temple structures are laid according to same plan having an altar, a mandapa (columned prayer hall) with projections and a porch.

The temple of Sas is comparatively larger than that of the Bahu. The 'Bahu' temple has an octagonal ceiling, adorned with beautifully carved eight intricate female figures. The 'Sas' temple has a torana (archway) in its front where, it is believed that the image of the Lord Vishnu was swung along with hymns in the praise of lord on ceremonial occasions. Both the temples are constructed on a common platform facing towards the east direction with beautiful carvings at the time displaying Gujarat style of sculpture.

The delicate carvings are acknowledged to be imbibed from the incidents of 'Ramayana' (the Indian epic).  The sculptures are made in two steps, one encircling the other. On the first step, images of Lord Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu are carved and on the other, there are images of Rama, Balarama and Parashurama.

Another temple that is a must visit is the Jain temple. Dedicated to the Jain Saint Shanti Nath, the temple is said to have been built during the rule of Rana Kumbha. The temple has a strange idol due to which the temple got its name ('Adbhut' means strange). This 09 feet high strange idol is an attraction for people. These temples were destroyed by the foreign invaders to a large extent, still  their exceptional artistic architecture is preserved.

Another striking part of the temple complex is that,most of the temples in the complex does not have any idol of any deity. In between Nagda and Eklingji, there is Patal Maheshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.The temple remains 06 months submerged in the water, and for the period it is above the water, it displays beautiful architecture.

Eklingji and Nagda can be reached through a picturesque drive from Udaipur amongst some of the most beautiful hillock. It is just 22 kms 01 hrs drive from Udaipur

Tip to travel: If you are short on time, avoid travelling to Eklingji on Monday, as a lot of local visit to the temple on this day, it being.an auspicious day, dedicated to Lord Shiva - the presiding deity.

Galtaji Temple ( The Monkey Temple), Jaipur

Jaipur city of full of historic monuments, including the more celebrated Amber Fort, City Palace complex , Hawa Mahal and other imposing forts of Jaigarh and Nahargarh. But Apart from the above mentioned more celebrated monuments, Jaipur have one more interesting and charming historical piece of architecture, The Temple complex of Galta.

Situated about 10 kms from the city center of Jaipur, just off the Sisodia Rani Bagh. Nestled in a steep-sided valley, into a narrow rocky ravine.lies the 250 year Old complex of Galta. This magnificent temple  was built in the 18th century by Diwan Rao Kriparam, a courtier of Sawai Jai Singh II.The architecture of the temple is unique as it looks more like a mansion or Haveli than a traditional temple.The Temple Complex of Galta is religiously important and sacred to Hindu community as it is believed to be the Ashram of Maharishi Galab ( Galav).Legend is , Saint Galav spent all his life here and performed his 'tapasya' for 100 years. Pleased with his penance, the Gods appeared before him and blessed his place of worship with abundant water.

Galta Temple complex have seven tanks also called Holy Kunds. Out of the seven Kunds , two of them are the large reservoirs, with the upper reservoir reserved mostly for Humans and the lower tank being mainly used by hundreds of Monkey ( Red Face Macaque) present there.The most important of the Tanks among the seven tanks is Galta Kund, which is believed to be blessed with eternal supply of water and hence does not go dry. A spring of pure water flows from the 'Gaumukh', a rock shaped like a cow's head in the nearby hillock, into the tanks recharging them perennially.A dip at the Holy Kund is considered to wash your sins. Taking bath in the pool on the full moon day and especially on Makar Sankranti is considered auspicious.

There are two main temples at Galtaji, one dedicated to God Sun and the other dedicated to Lord Hanuman - the Monkey God. Built in Pink Sandstone, with beautiful round roofs (of terracotta style), exquisitely carved pillars and painted walls, it is beautifully set above the top of hill, with the sun temple being on higher altitude that the Temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman. Lord Hanuman Temple can be identified from far of, as it is always surrounded by 100's of monkeys, living peacefully.This had lead it to be called as "Monkey Temple', it was recently featured on National Geographic's multi-award winning series 'Monkey Thieves'.

The temples of Galtaji Temple Complex are intricately and brightly painted with the images of Brahma, Vishnu, Parvati and Ganesha. There are engraved stones showing scenes from religious festivals and state occasions, maharajahs playing polo, the exploits of Krishna and the gopis. The chamber, at the end of the lower pool, displays a wide array of original frescoes, depicting acrobat feats - maharajahs playing polo or Lord Krishna coquetting with 'gopis' (milkmaids) in the garden. The ceilings are embellished with colourful swirl motifs.The natural backdrop of hillocks and springs and the beautiful architecture of the temple combined with the chanting of hymns produces an atmosphere of tranquility and inner peace.Other temples you can visit in the vicinity are Krishna Temple, Surya Temple, Balaji Temple and the Sita Ram Temple.

The temple is open to visitors from sunrise to sunset, but it is best to visit in afternoon around sunset, as during this time, you will see most of the monkeys flocking around the temple and you will get to witness their varied activities from close quarter.

Galtaji can be reached by drive from Jaipur, a road just across Sisodia Rani Garden leads you right near to the temple, from where you need to just take few steps to reach the temple complex. For the adventure seekers, a 30 minutes walks across a steep hill from path beyond Suraj Pole gate on the eastern edge of the Pink City can take you to the to the Surya Mandir on the crest of the hill above the main temple complex.

Jaipur in turn is well connected to the rest of the country by road, railways and air ( Jaipur has an international airport)

Abhaneri - Home to Amazing Stepwell, Rajasthan

Water have always played an important role in deciding the fate of human settlements. In India water have played an integral part in the lives starting from Birth till the last rites are performed. Being an agrarian economy, life always revolved around the availability of water, and hence the water resources were always preserved , sometimes in novice ways. 

With a weather, where the maximum rainfall is concentrated in two months of the year, it was acutely necessary to conserve water in these two months, so that the needs for the rest of the years can be met. Stepwells also called Baori/Baoli in Hindi, Vav in Gujarati are of the indigenous way developed to conserve water in the western part of medieval India. Baori's over the time, have meant more than just a deep well which conserved water, but have been converted into beautiful monuments displaying their practical but amazingly beautiful architecture.

Most of the baoris(stepwells) acted as the lifeline of many a cities but over the years, with the westernised development and easy access to the ground waters courtesy electrified motors, these baolis became neglected and many of them died their natural death. However the remnants of some are still preserved giving an insight to the Old world architectural achievements, the most famous of the are the Agrasen Ki Baoli in Delhi, Chand Baoli at Abahneri, the Adalaj Vav in Ahmedabad, Rani Ka Vav at Patan etc, but the largest of them is Chand Baoli at Abhaneri.

Chand Baori is located in Abha Nagri or city of Brightness, now known as Abhaneri ( the result of distorted pronunciation) in Duasa district of Rajasthan, in between the two famous tourist cities of Agra and Jaipur. Located 95 kms from Jaipur, Abhaneri got its name from the fact that it was abode of Goddess Harshat Mata , who always adorned Abha, hence the name Abha Nagri. Although the village is in tatters but still the Harshat Mata Temple and The Chand Baori have survived and have turned into a great tourist attraction.

Aructebhaneri Village  is believed to be established in 9th century A.D. by Raja Chand (believed to Gurjar King Bhoja who ruled the area in 09th Century). Chand Baori (stepwell) along with Harshat Mata Temple dedicated to the Goddess of Joy - Harshat Mata was constructed in 10th century itself.Chand Baori is about 20 metres deep, contains about 3500 steps across 13 stories. The mesmerizing view of steps arranged in geometrical pattern in a pyramidal form with ever narrowing the bottom. The dance of light and shade and the geometrical pattern gives you a mesmerizing view of the Baoli. The stairs are on the three sides while on one  side of Chand baoli , there is a three storied pavilion with beautiful carved jharokhas, the galleries supported on Pillars and two projecting balconies enshrining beautiful sculptures.   

Chand Baori  is set in the Harshat Mata complex, which itself boasts of beautiful carvings of God and Goddesses. This stone temple , probably built in 09-10th century,  is dedicated to the Goddess of Joy Harshat Mata, however some people believe that it was originally dedicatd to Lord Vishnu.

How To Reach

Abhaneri is located on NH-11 or the Jaipur-Agra road about 95 kms from Jaipur. It is best connected by Road travel through the cities of Jaipur and Dausa which are 95 and 31 km from Abhaneri, respectively.

The nearest airport to Abhaneri is the Jaipur Sanganer Airport from where taxi on hire are available to take you to Abhaneri. Abhaneri is well connected by rail through Dausa railway station which has an excellent connectivity with various major cities of the state and the country.

Udaipur - The City of Lakes and Palaces

India is country of naturally beautiful cities.India is a country of historically important cities.India is a country of religiously and culturally important cities. But what if you combine all three facets into one ??? Who will not like to visit such a city???

There are very few cities in the world which can combine all the three aspects, Udaipurx - The city of Lakes is one of them. It is a historic city with multiplicity of lakes making it extremely beautiful. Presence of various temples , sacred to both Hindu's and Jain's makes it an important religious centre.

Set amidst the Aravalli Ranges of Rajasthan, India, capital of Mewar empire for centuries, Udaipur, Rajasthan is regarded as one of the most romantic cities of the World , it also known as the 'Venice of East'. Udaipur is a fascinating blend of sights, sounds creating amazing experiences - an inspiration for many of  the poets, painters and writers to create best of their works. Whether it is Oodeypore -the birth place of Bagheera- the lead character of Rudyard Kiplings The Jungle Book, or the backdrop of James Bond Film Octopussy, Udaipur have inspired many a creative individuals. Numerous international and Bollywood films have been shot in Udaipur, India including but not limited to James Bond in India, Gandhi, the Fall, Disney Movie The Cheetah Girls One World , Bollywood films like Guide, Eklavya The Royal Gaurd, Mera Saya, Kacche Dhaga, Fiza, Khuda Gawah, etc are filmed here apart from many a reality shows and serials like Swayambar of Rakhi Sawant and Rahul Mahajan, TV Serial Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata hai etc.

 Its a kaleidoscope of fairy-tale palaces, lakes, temples, gardens and narrow lanes strewn with stalls, which not only carry the flavour of heroic past, epitomising valour and chivalry but also provides you a romantic background to enjoy some of the best moments of your life.

History of Udaipur

Udaipur is one of the most beautiful of the cities in Rajasthan. The city was founded as the capital of Kingdom of Mewar by Rana Udai Singh after he lost Chittor, the erstwhile capital to Muslim Ruler Mughal Emperor in 1568. However the birth of city of Udaipur is considered to be 1557-58.

As per the Legend once Maharana Udai Singh was out hunting when he came upon a sage seated beside the Pichola Lake. The sage counseled the king to build his palace at the site he is standing so that the fortunes of his family can change. The Maharana kept his counsel and built a small shrine, Dhuni Mata, to mark the spot. It is now the oldest part of the City Palace of Udaipur. Udai Singh chose the site of Udaipur and built an artificial lake and named it Udai Sagar after himself. Later he hit upon a pond said to have been made in the 15th century by a banjara (gypsy).The gypsy for his bullocks cross over, had built a dyke upon a stream which was further extended by Maharana which resulted in one of the most picturesque man made lakes in Rajasthan - The Lake Pichola. It was named Pichola after the neighbouring village of Picholi.

 The first royal building to come up was a small palace built in 1559 on an overlooking ridge and called  Nochouki,  Other buildings and structures later mushroomed around the palace. The Palace in itself was extended by successive generations always allowing an architectural excellence quite unique to the Mewar dynasty. The city palace kept on expanding until it became one of the largest palaces in the world.

Subsequently more buildings, palaces, temples and gardens were added to the city, giving it a rich architectural and cultural legacy. 

Udaipur was ruled by Sisodia Kings, said to be the offshoot of Chauhans. They consider themselves as the direct descendant of Lord Rama and son of Sun. Udaipur was never acceded to Mughal Empire and remains independent untill  it became the princely state of British India in 1818. The most famous and loved leader of Rajasthan was the ruler of Udaipur, Son of Maharana Udai Singh, Maharana Pratap, who ruled Mewar from Udaipur from 1572 till 1597. Sisodia dynasty is the Oldest surviving dynasty in the world. 

Major attractions in Udaipur

Udaipur is the city of Palaces and Lakes. Some of the most beautiful Palaces have been built around some of the most beautiful lakes. Some of the important Palaces to be seen in Udaipur are : 

City Palace 

Udaipur City Palace is one of the architectural marvels of Rajasthan, located peacefully on the banks of Lake Pichola built over three centuries starting from 1559 and built till early 18th century. City Palace, entirely built with granite and marble is a wonderful blend of Medieval, European and Chinese Architecture. The Palace has various towers, domes and arches, assortment of courtyards, pavilions, terraces, corridors, rooms and hanging gardens.

This majestic City Palace is the most-visited tourist attraction of Udaipur and often distinguished as the largest palace complex in Rajasthan. City Palace has several gates also known as "Pols". 'Bara Pol' (Great Gate) the main gate to the City Palace complex takes you to the first courtyard. On passing 'Bara Pol', you come across a triple arched gate, known as 'Tripolia'. Between these two gates, there are eight marble arches or Toranas, where Kings used to weigh themselves with gold and silver. Across 'Tripolia', you would enter the 'Elephant Gate' or the 'Hathi Pol'. 

City Palace comprises 11 wonderful palaces, which were built by different rulers however the continuity of architecture was maintained. With the sheer glimpse of unique paintings, antique furniture and exquisite glass mirror & ornamental tiles work of these palaces. The Palaces are famous for different reasons, some of the palaces within city Palace complex are : 

Manak Mahal (Ruby Palace) known for the  figures of crystal and porcelain. 

Bhim Vilas is known for a fabulous collection of miniature paintings depicting the real life stories of Radha-Krishna. 

The 'Krishna Vilas'  has noteworthy album of miniature paintings portraying royal processions, festivals and games of the Maharanas. 

Moti Mahal (Pearl Palace) is celebrated for its lavish decor

Sheesh Mahal (Palace of mirrors) is famous for its breathtaking mirror work. 

'Chini Chitrashala' is renowned for its Chinese and Dutch ornamental tiles. 

'Dilkusha Mahal' (Palace of Joy) is known for the murals and wall paintings. 

Bada Mahal is the exotic garden palace that stands erect on a 90 feet high natural rock formation. 

Rang Bhawan is the palace that used to contain royal treasure. There are temples of Lord Krishna, Meera Bai and Shiva, located right to the 'Rang Bhawan'. 'Mor Chowk' has exceptional glass mosaics of peacocks, set in the walls presenting the three seasons of summer, winter and monsoon. 'Laxmi Vilas Chowk' is an art gallery showcasing a distinctive collection of Mewar paintings.

'Amar Vilas' is the highest point of this Udaipur Palace and has wonderful hanging gardens with fountains, towers and terraces. City Palace is structured in a way that it offers a splendid view of the lake from all its Balconies, cupolas and towers

In 1974, a part of the City Palace and the 'Zenana Mahal' (Ladies Chamber) have been transformed into a museum.

Fatehprakash Palace:
Part of City Palace Complex, the erstwhile Residence of Maharana Fateh Singh (period of reign : 1884 - 1935) is now a luxury hotel run by HRH group and one of the more popular lake side hotel in Udaipur. The miniature paintings adorning the walls of the lobby is a sight to watch for the art lovers/

Lake Palace:
Located on the 1.5 hectare Jag Niwas Island in the middle of Lake Pichola, It is now a Luxury hotel with Taj Group called Taj Lake Palace Hotel. Built by Maharana Jagat Singh in 1743 it was meant as a royal summer palace, It can be reached by boat only.

Jagdish Temple

Situated in the premises of City Place complex, Built in Indo-Aryan style of architecture Jagdish Temple is the biggest and most beautiful temple of Udaipur. Built in 1651 by Maharana Jagat Singh, who ruled Udaipur during 1628-53, the temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu (Laxmi Narayan), the preserver of the Universe.

The temple is built in three stories with the central mast reaching 79 feets, it has some of the most beautiful carvings of sculptures depicting dancers, elephants, horsemen and musicians.The entrance is guarded by two stone elephants, followed by stone slab that is imprinted with the inscriptions with reference to Maharaja Jagat Singh. The main shrine of Jagdish Temple can be reached by taking 32 steps, where at the doorway yo will find a brass image of Garuda, a figure of half-man and half-eagle. This huge idol stands as if; it is guarding the doorway of Lord Vishnu. The main shrine houses the striking four-armed image of Lord Vishnu, carved out of a single piece of black stone. The main shrine of Lord Jagdish/ Vishnu is centrally located encircled by four smaller shrines. These shrines are dedicated to Lord Ganesha, Sun God, Goddess Shakti and Lord Shiva respectively.It is located within walking distance of Udaipur Palace.

Jagmandir Island
Located on the southern island of Lake Pichola, Jag Mandir Palace is a beautiful three-storied Palace made in yellow sandstone and marble.It was built by Maharana Karan Singh ( ruled 1620-1628) as a hiding ground for Prince Khurram ( Shah Jehan ), when he had revolted against his father. It was under construction then and was later completed by Maharana Jagat Singh during his reign (1628-1652). Gulmahal, in Jag Mandir Palace, is the place where Prince Khurram lived with his family. Gul Mahal is made in the Islamic style of architecture, The hall has amazing interiors and is decorated with the Muslim crescent. To pray and offer Namaz, a mosque was also constructed in the complex of the Palace. Another attraction of this Palace is the courtyard, which is festooned with black and white tiles. Other pavilions that are worth mentioning are Bara Patharon ka Mahal, Kunwar Pada ka Mahal and the Zenana Mahal. Bara Patharon ka Mahal is made out of twelve solid marble slabs. Kunwar Pada ka Mahal was meant for the crowned prince. The Zenana Mahal offered several chambers for the ladies of the Royalty. Its museum still preserves the history of this island and its Palace .

A Dinner in the evening to this Island is a perfect idea to finish off a romantic day!!!.

Sahelion-ki-Bari (Garden of the maids of honour)
Sahelion Ki Bari' was laid for a group of forty-eight young women attendants who accompanied a princess to Udaipur as part of her dowry for Maharana Sangram Singh in 18th Century. The gardens set below the embankment of the Fateh Sagar Lake boasts of beautiful lotus pools, marble pavilions and elephant- shaped fountains which are fed by the water of the lake gushing through ducts made for the purpose. Each water channel has its distinct sound and the mingling of these sounds complement the ambience of the place.

 The lush green lawns, flowerbeds, and marble pavilions further enhance the romantic ambience of this magnificent garden.In the later years, Maharana Bhopal Singh built a pavilion of rain fountains. The thought was to form an illusion of rain dancing in cadence with dancing maids.  These fountains were imported from England and you can trace them along with the main reservoir of the garden. The main reservoir has four black marbled kiosks in its corners and one white marbled kiosk in its center. On the top of kiosks, these fountains are in the form of sculpted birds that spurts water from their beaks producing the rain effect.
The museum exhibiting the huge collection of royal households is another attraction of this garden. It has many ancient pictures and things of the bygone period. Sight of stuffed cobras and other animals will definitely add a tint of adventure to your trip.

Bhartiya Lok Kala Museum
Bhartiya Lok Kala Museum portrays the remarkable collection of over past 44 years, gathered by the Bhartiya Lok Kala Mandal.This rare compilation varies from typical rural-dresses, ornaments, puppets, masks, dolls, folk musical instruments, folk deities and paintings.

Bagore Ki Haveli
Bagore Ki Haveli is an ancient building the platform of Gangori Ghat in the vicinity of Pichola Lake. Built in the eighteenth century, by Amir Chand Badwa, Chief Minister at the Mewar Royal Court the mansion boasts of delicate carved work and excellent glass work.When Amar Badwa died, the building came under the possession of Mewar State.

In 1878, the Haveli was abode of Maharana Shakti Singh of Bagore, who further incorporated three stories to the main structureand hence it came to be known as Bagore Ki Haveli (Mansion of Bagore). Now converted into a museum, it portrays the patrician culture of Mewar. It showcases premium mural paintings of Rajasthan designed in Mewar, the costumes of the royal kings and modern art, exclusive stuff of Rajputs like jewellery boxes, dice-games, hukkas, pan boxes, nut crackers, hand fans, rose water sprinklers, copper vessels and other items of the erstwhile rulers. The Queen's Chamber showcases fascinating original paintings of Mewar. Beautiful peacocks created with small pieces of colored glass captivate the onlooker with sheer admiration. Today, this grand building has more than 100 rooms with well-arranged balconies, terraces, courtyards and corridors.

Maharana Pratap Memorial
Situated at the top of Moti Margi or Pearl Hill overlooking Fateh Sagar Lake, Maharana Pratap Memorial is a historic site that is dedicated to the gallant Maharana Pratap.The memorial comprises a life-sized bronze statue of Maharana Pratap balanced on his loyal and favorite horse, Chetak. This outstanding statue has also been picturised for various Bollywood movies.

Other Important places to visit in Udaipur are :

- The Lakes of Pichola, Fatehsagar, Swaroop Sagar, Udai Sagar, Jaisamand Lake.

-Gulab Bagh Garden and Zoo

-Sajjan Garh Palace or the Monsoon Palace

-Vintage Collection of Classic car museum, at hotel Garden

-Haldighati Museum

Udaipur can be a base for excursions to very famous forts and temples , some of which are listed Below :

-  Eklingji Temple (2 kms from Udaipur)- Built in 734 AD,  is dedicated to unique form of Lord Shiva, the temple in itself is a collection of 108 smaller temples

- Nagda Temples: (2 kms from Eklingji) : It is famous for its Sas-bahu and Adbudji temples.with exquisite stone carvings.

-Nathdwara (48 kms from Udaipur) : Famous for temple of Srinathji, a 14th century incarnation of Lord Krishna

- Ranakpur Temples (located 98 kms from Udaipur): It is widely known for its marble Jain temple, said to be the most spectacular of the Jain temples with 1444 pillars, none of the two pillars resembling each other.

-Chittaurgarh Fort (113 kms from Udaipur)- 07th Century Fort, is one of the grandest and most invincible forts of Rajasthan.

- Kumbhalgarh Fort (82 kms from Udaipur) - 15th century fort built by Rana Kumbha with over 300 temples.

- Mount Abu (180 kms from Udaipur) - Only hill station of Rajasthan, boasts of beautiful Dilwara Jain Temple, Nakki Lake and is home to Brahamakumari Ashram.

Entrance Charges to the Monuments in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

For Foreign Nationals ( in INR)

City Palace     Adult :INR 250, Children ( below 12 years): INR 45
Crystal Gallery     Adult :INR 550, Children ( below 12 years): Nil
Lok Kala Mandir  Adult :INR 30, Children ( below 12 years): Nil
Shelion Ki Bari     Adult :INR 10, Children ( below 12 years): INR 10
Shilp Gram     Adult :INR 55,Children ( below 12 years): INR 55
Moti Mangri     Adult :INR 15, Children ( below 12 years): INR 15
Fountain             Adult :INR 15, Children ( below 12 years): INR 15
Pratap Smarak     Adult :INR 10, Children ( below 12 years): INR 10

For Indian Nationals ( in INR)

City Palace     Adult :INR 50 , Children ( below 12 years): INR 45
Crystal Gallery     Adult :INR 550, Children ( below 12 years): Nil
Lok Kala Mandir  Adult :INR 30, Children ( below 12 years): Nil
Shelion Ki Bari     Adult :INR 10, Children ( below 12 years): INR 10
Shilp Gram     Adult :INR 15,Children ( below 12 years): INR 15
Moti Mangri     Adult :INR 15, Children ( below 12 years): INR 15
Fountain              Adult :INR 15, Children ( below 12 years): INR 15
Pratap Smarak     Adult :INR 10, Children ( below 12 years): INR 10

How to Reach Udaipur, India

By Air

Maharana Pratap Airport  located near Dabok , 22 kms from the city is connected with direct flights to  Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur and Jodhpur. 

By Rail

Udaipur Railway Station located at a comfortable distance from the city is connected with direct trains from Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Agra and Khajuraho. 

By Road

Udaipur is well connected by road to major cities in India. It is well connected by road from all sides, Jaipur to Udaipur is just 375 kms , Udaipur to Jodhpur is 296 kms and Udaipur to Ahmedabad, state capital of Gujarat  is 260 kms .